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The Trail to Independence
The Colonil Company 1534 - 1549
The French 1555 - 1711
The Iberian Peninsula is a mountainous region that's most associated with the countries of Spain and Portugal. Its history was under Muslim and Christian rule. (internet definition)
Independence or die!
the Dutch - the 1600s
1649 - The Battle of Guararapes in today's city of Recife in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil (on the eastern-most tip of Brazil), was seen to be "a founding mark of the Brazilian army and the idea of Brazilianess founded in the union of whites, blacks, and natives against a common enemy" (from the wall plaque) in the 1800s in forming the National Brazilian State which gained its independence from Portugal in 1889. This was a battle against the Dutch. Almost 3,000 Dutch died & 40 Brazilian men according to the records. One document in the museum regrading this battle credited Divine intervention as a result of prayers, for the outcome of this battle and the expulsion of the Dutch from Pernambuco. (The oil on canvas painting was made in 1758.)
1789 - the beginning of wanting to get out from under Portuguese rule
The man to the right, Pedro I of Portugal, was born in 1798 (d. 1834). He was the future Emperor of Brazil. The last viceroy of Brazil gave this boat to him as a gift when he was an infant. This museum has had it since 1922! It's from China & is carved out of ivory (sometime between 1650 - 1800 according to the dates of a Chinese dynasty, & represents a floating palace, i.e. a government headquarters of the Ming dynasty, 1368-1644).
D. Pedro I was heir to the Portuguese throne & Prince Regent of the Kingdom of Brazil (1821-1822), Constitutional Emperor of Brazil (1822-1831), & Regent of Brazil (1832-1834). He proclaimed the Independence of Brazil & instated its first constitution in 1824 which remained in force until the end of the empire (Nov. 15, 1889, with a military coup d'etat whose goal was to establish a Republic with a military dictator). (Above info taken from the museum wall plaques.)
100 years later - a Republic - 1889
Gold, silver, diamonds, emeralds, & agates were used for articles used to put the Golden Law (18 words to abolish slavery) into effect - May 13, 1888. (Those articles were this tray & quill, the crown above left, plus 2 more.)
Soon before the end of slavery (1888) & the establishment of the Republic (1889), Paraguay created the 1864-1870 Triple Alliance War against Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay because of disputed boundaries.
Each of these ship's chain links was 10-11" long.
This painting, THE NAVAL BATTLE OF RIACHUELO (1882-83), depicts a battle fought on June 11th, 1865, between Paraguay and Brazil in the War of the Triple Alliance. (from Wikipedia's intro: . . . also called Paraguayan War, (1864/65–70), the bloodiest conflict in Latin American history, fought between Paraguay and the allied countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay because Paraguay was troubled by territorial disputes.)
Now the internal struggles began! 1893 - 1962
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